Chapter 6- Manufacturing Industries
1. (i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material.
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Sugar
(d) Jute
Ans (b) Cement
(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC
â–º (b) SAIL
(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel
â–º (a) Aluminium
(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc?
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium
(d) Information Technology
â–º (b) Electronic
2. Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.
(i) What is manufacturing?
(ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of the industry.
(iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry.
(iv) What are basic industries? Give an example.
(v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement?
Answer
(i) Manufacturing is the process in which goods are produced after processing the various raw materials.
(ii) Three physical factors for the location of the industry are:
→ Availability of raw material.
→ Suitable climate.
→ Availability of water and power supply.
(iii) Three human factors for the location of an industry are
→ Availability of cheap labour
→ Availability of services such as consultants and financial advice
→ Availability of Market
(iv) Basic industries are those which supply their raw materials to industries which manufacture other goods. An example is the iron and steel industry which supplies steel to the automobile industry.
(v) The important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement are: limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.
3. Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity?
(ii) How do industries pollute the environment?
(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry?
Answer
(i) Integrated Steel Plants are large plants which handle everything in one complex – from putting together raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping.
Mini Steel Plants are smaller, have electric arc furnaces, use mainly steel scrap and sponge iron as inputs. They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well. They produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications.
Problems of Steel Industry:
→ High costs and limited availability of coking coal.
→ Lower productivity of labour.
→ Irregular supply of power.
→ Poor infrastructure.
Following are some recent developments that have led to a rise in the production capacity:
→ Liberalisation
→ Foreign direct investments (FDI) with the efforts of private entrepreneurs.
→ Improvement in production process by the use of newer technologies.
(ii) Industries are responsible for four types of pollution – air, water, land, and noise pollution. Following are the various reasons:
→ Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
→ Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers.
→ Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants are drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
→ Wastes from nuclear plants cause cancer, birth defects and miscarriages.
→ Dumping of wastes especially, glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and other garbage render the soil useless.
→ Noise pollution is caused due to industrial and construction activities, factory equipment, generators, electric saws, drills and other machineries.
(iii) The steps to be taken to minimize environmental degradation by industry are:
→ To control water pollution, industrial effluents need to be treated on all three levels (primary, secondary and tertiary); the use of water for processing should be minimised via reuse and recycling; rainwater can be harvested to meet water requirements, and ground water usage should be regulated by law.
→ For the minimisation of air pollution, smoke stacks should be fitted to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators. Also, smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal.
→ Noise pollution can be controlled by fitting generators with silencers, redesigning machinery to reduce noise, and using earplugs and earphones besides other noise absorbing material.
4. Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry. The number of letters in each word are hinted in brackets.
(i) Used to drive machinery (5) P………………………
(ii) People who work in a factory (6) W……………………..
(iii) Where the product is sold (6) M……………………..
(iv) A person who sells goods (8) R………………………
(v) Thing produced (7) P………………………
(vi) To make or produce (11) M……………………..
(vii) Land, Water and Air degraded (9) P………………………
Answer
(i) Power
(ii) Worker
(iii) Market
(iv) Retailer
(v) Product
(vi) Manufacture
(vii) Pollution
Question-1
Name the three physical factors that affect location of industries.
Solution:
The three factors are
a. Availability of raw materials.
b. Power resources
c. Favorable climate.
Question-2
Name three human inputs that control location of industries.
Solution:
Human inputs that control location of industries is:1. Labour 2. Market 3. Transport facilities.
Question-3
What are light industries?
Solution:
Industries that use light raw materials and produce light goods are called light industries.
Example: Industries manufacturing sewing machine and electric fans.
Question-4
Name four important cotton textile centres of Maharashtra.
Solution:
The cotton textile centres of Maharashtra are:1. Mumbai, 2. Solapur, 3. Pune, 4. Nagpur.
Question-5
Why are most of the jute mills of India located in West Bengal?
Solution:
1. About 90% of India’s jute is produced in the Ganga- Brahmaputra delta. Hence there is abundant and regular supply of jute.
2. Coal is obtained from Raniganj coalfields, which is less the 200km away.
3. Hooghly river provides fresh water in abundance it the industry for washing jute and jute goods.
4. Cheap skilled and unskilled labour is available from the densely populated states of W.Bengal, Bihar, and U.P.
5. Cheap water transportation with a network of roads and railways help in collection of raw materials and distribution of finished goods.
6. Cheap and adequate hydel power is available from the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC).
7. Kolkata provides good port facilities for the import of machinery and export of finished jute products.
8. There is no dearth of finances required to be invested.
Question-6
Name two most important sugar producing states of India.
Solution:
Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.
Question-7
Name two iron and steel producing plants each of Karnataka and West Bengal.
Solution:
Iron and steel plants of Karnataka are – Bhadravati and Vijayanagar, West Bengal- Durgapur and Burnpur.
Question-8
Name five electronic goods producing centres of India.
Solution:
Five electronic goods producing centers are Banglore, Hyderabad , Delhi, Mumbai , Chennai.
Question-9
What is the annual production of cement in the country at present?
Solution:
131 million tones production of cement per annum in India.
Question-10
Describe briefly the distribution of railway equipments industries in India.
Solution:
The railway equipments industries are at different places.
The steam engines, diesel engines and electric engines are manufactured at Chittaranjan in the West Bengal, Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh and Jamshedpur in Jharkhand. Rails and sleeper bars are manufactured at different steel plants. Coaches are manufactured at Parambur, Bangalore, Kapurthala and Kolkata.
Question-11
Why is the iron and steel industry located in Peninsular India only?
Solution:
Iron-ore, coking coal and limestone are the basic raw material for the iron and steel industry. Iron and steel industry is located near the iron and coal deposits particularly at Jamshedpur in Bihar or in the Chhotanagpur area, bordering West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh, because of the following reasons:
1. All the raw materials required for iron and steel industry like iron-ore, coking coal and the limestone are available in this area.
2. Because all these things are heavy and bulky ,the location of this industry is therefore, governed by the close proximity to raw materials. Bulky and heavy raw materials exert much pressure to locate the industry nearby i.e., in the Chhotanagpur area. Jamshedpur, Bokaro and Durgapur etc, are all situated in this area.
3. Means of transport, like railways and roads, also pass through this area on stupendous scale, so manufactured goods can easily be distributed within the country and also exported to other countries.
4. Fourthly, if the iron and steel industries are near the iron and coal mines, the labour problem is also solved to a great extent. The labour and other facilities are easily available there.
Question-12
Describe briefly the distribution of silk textile industry in India.
Solution:
Distribution of Silk Textile Industry in India
1. Mulberry, tasar, chanderi and munga silk are major silk varieties that are produced in India.
2. There are 90 big and small silk mills, producing silk goods in the country.
3. More than 90% of the country’s silk production comes from Karnataka, West Bengal, Jammu and Kashmir.
4. Main silk producing centers are. (I) Bungler, Kolar, Mysore and Belgaum in Karnataka.
(ii) Murshabad and Bankure in West Bengal.
(iii) Anantnag, Baramula and Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir.
Question-13
Describe the distribution of ship-building industry in India.
Solution:
Ship building Industry in India
1.Ship building is a large industry, which needs huge investment of capital.
2. At present, Vishakapattanam, Kolkatta, Kochi, Mumbai and Marmugao are major ship building centres of the country. All these centres are in public sector.
3.There are also private sector shipyards. They look after the local needs of the people.
4. Vishakapattanam produces the ship of maximum size of 1,00,000 DWT (Dead weight Tonnage) and Kochi produces the ship of maximum size of 50,000 DWT.
5.Seventeen dry docks are also engaged in the repairs of ships in the country.
Question-14
How does industrial pollution degrade environment?
Solution:
Industries have increased pollution and degraded environment. Industries create four types of pollution mainly air, water, land and noise. The smoke emitted by the industry pollutes the air and water very badly. Air pollution is caused by the presence of a higher proportion of undesirable gases such as carbon monoxide and sulphur oxide.
Source of water pollution are numerous. Most important are the industrial effluent that discharge into rivers. They are both organic and inorganic. They pollute the water. Unwanted loud noise is also pollution. It arises from industries and other means of transport. Noise causes impairment of hearing.
Question-15
Name three major air pollutants.
Solution:
Air borne dust, smoke and undesirable gases are three major air pollutants.
Question-17
List four agro based industries.
Solution:
Sugar, edible oil, cotton and silk are agro based industries.
Question-18
Mention 4 raw materials needed for a cement industry.
Solution:
Lime stone, silica, alumina and gypsum are the raw materials needed for a cement industry
Question-19
Why are most of the jute mills of India located in West Bengal?
Solution:
1. About 90% of India’s jute is produced in the Ganga- Brahmaputra delta. Hence there is abundant and regular supply of jute.
2. Coal is obtained from Raniganj coalfields, which is less the 200km away.
3. Hooghly river provides fresh water in abundance it the industry for washing jute and jute goods.
4. Cheap skilled and unskilled labour is available from the densely populated states of W.Bengal, Bihar, and U.P.
5. Cheap water transportation with a network of roads and railways help in collection of raw materials and distribution of finished goods.
6. Cheap and adequate hydel power is available from the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC).
7. Kolkata provides good port facilities for the import of machinery and export of finished jute products.
8. There is no dearth of finances required to be invested.
Question-20
Why is the iron and steel industry located in Peninsular India only?
Solution:
Iron-ore, coking coal and limestone are the basic raw material for the iron and steel industry. Iron and steel industry is located near the iron and coal deposits particularly at Jamshedpur in Bihar or in the Chhotanagpur area, bordering West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh, because of the following reasons:
1. All the raw materials required for iron and steel industry like iron-ore, coking coal and the limestone are available in this area.
2. Because all these things are heavy and bulky ,the location of this industry is therefore, governed by the close proximity to raw materials. Bulky and heavy raw materials exert much pressure to locate the industry nearby i.e., in the Chhotanagpur area. Jamshedpur, Bokaro and Durgapur etc, are all situated in this area.
3. Means of transport, like railways and roads, also pass through this area on stupendous scale, so manufactured goods can easily be distributed within the country and also exported to other countries.
4. Fourthly, if the iron and steel industries are near the iron and coal mines, the labour problem is also solved to a great extent. The labour and other facilities are easily available there.
Question-21 Describe the distribution of ship-building industry in India.
Solution:
Ship building Industry in India
1.Ship building is a large industry, which needs huge investment of capital.
2. At present, Vishakapattanam, Kolkatta, Kochi, Mumbai and Marmugao are major ship building centres of the country. All these centres are in public sector.
3.There are also private sector shipyards. They look after the local needs of the people.
4. Vishakapattanam produces the ship of maximum size of 1,00,000 DWT (Dead weight Tonnage) and Kochi produces the ship of maximum size of 50,000 DWT.
5.Seventeen dry docks are also engaged in the repairs of ships in the country.
Question-22
How does industrial pollution degrade environment?
Solution:
Industries have increased pollution and degraded environment. Industries create four types of pollution mainly air, water, land and noise. The smoke emitted by the industry pollutes the air and water very badly. Air pollution is caused by the presence of a higher proportion of undesirable gases such as carbon monoxide and sulphur oxide.
Source of water pollution are numerous. Most important are the industrial effluent that discharge into rivers. They are both organic and inorganic. They pollute the water. Unwanted loud noise is also pollution. It arises from industries and other means of transport. Noise causes impairment of hearing.